A Two-stage Kalman Filter for Cyber-attackDetection in Automatic Generation Control System
Name of the Journal: JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY Title of the article: A Two-stage Kalman Filter for Cyber-attack Detection in Automatic Generation Control System Abstract: Communication plays a vital role in incorporating smartness into the interconnected power system network. How‐ever, historical records prove that the data transfer has always been vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Unless these attacks are identified and cordoned off, it may lead to black-out resulting in national security issues. This paper proposes an optimal two-stage Kalman filter (OTS-KF) for simultaneous state and attack estimation in Automatic generation control (AGC) system. Bias/at‐tacks are modeled as unknown inputs in the AGC dynamics.Five types of attacks namely False Data Injection (FDI), Data Replay Attack, Denial of Service (DoS), scaling, and ramp at‐tacks are injected in the measurements and are estimated using OTS-KF. As the load variations of each area are seldom avail‐a